Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

(into foreign language)

Толкование Перевод

1 into

into [ˈɪntʊ]

preposition

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When into is an element in a phrasal verb, eg break into, look into, walk into, look up the verb.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ dans

• to come or go into a room entrer dans une pièce

• to go into town aller en ville

• to get into a car monter dans une voiture or en voiture

• he helped his mother into the car il a aidé sa mère à monter dans la voiture

• she fell into the lake elle est tombée dans le lac

• it broke into a thousand pieces ça s'est cassé en mille morceaux

• to change euros into dollars changer des euros contre des dollars

• to translate sth into French traduire qch en français

• far into the night tard dans la nuit

• it continued well into 1996 cela a continué pendant une bonne partie de 1996

• he's well into his fifties/sixties il a une bonne cinquantaine/soixantaine d'années

• 4 into 12 goes 3 12 divisé par 4 égale 3

• the children are into everything (inf) les enfants touchent à tout

• she's into health foods (inf) les aliments naturels, c'est son truc (inf)

• to be into drugs (inf) toucher à la drogue (inf)

* * *
['ɪntə, 'ɪntuː]
Note: into is used after certain nouns and verbs in English ( change into, wander into etc). For translations, consult the appropriate noun or verb entry (change, wander etc)

into is used in the structure verb + somebody + into + doing ( to bully somebody into doing, to fool somebody into doing). For translations of these structures see the appropriate verb entry (bully, fool etc)

For translations of expressions like get into trouble, go into detail, get into debt etc you should consult the appropriate noun entry (trouble, detail, debt etc)

preposition

1) ( indicating change of location) [put, go, disappear] dans [place]

pour the mixture into it — versez-y le mélange

to move something into the shade — mettre quelque chose à l'ombre

to go into town/into the office — aller en ville/au bureau

to get into bed — se mettre au lit

to help somebody into bed — aider quelqu'un à se mettre au lit

2) ( indicating change of form) en [new shape, foreign currency, different language]

3) ( indicating duration)

into the 18th century — jusqu'au XVIII^e siècle

well into the afternoon — jusque tard dans l'après-midi

4) ( indicating a point in a process)

we were well into 1988 when... — l'année 1988 était bien entamée quand...

well into the second half — bien après le début de la deuxième mi-temps

to be (well) into one's thirties — avoir une bonne trentaine d'années

5) ( indicating direction) dans

to speak into the microphone — parler dans le microphone

6) (colloq) ( keen on)

to be into — être fana (colloq) de [jazz etc]

to be into drugs — se droguer

7) ( indicating impact) dans

to run into something — rentrer dans quelque chose

to bang into somebody/something — heurter quelqu'un/quelque chose

8) Mathematics

8 into 24 goes 3 times ou is 3 — 24 divisé par 8 égale 3

••

to be into everything — [child] toucher à tout

English-French dictionary > into
2 to translate from English into Russian

to translate from English into Russian (from a foreign language into one's own) переводить с английского на русский (с иностранного языка на родной)

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to translate from English into Russian
3 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

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   ■ The Military

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   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, 1998.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa ( 1926-1933). Mem Martins: Europa- America, 1988.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926-1974: "The Honor of the Army." In Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

   ■, ed. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." In Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer, 2000): 1-404.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

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   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
4 dub

I [dʌb]
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - bb-) (into foreign language) doppiare [ film] ( into in); (add soundtrack) postsincronizzare [ film]; missare [ sound effect] ( onto in)
II [dʌb]
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - bb-) giorn. (nickname) soprannominare [ person]

* * *
I past tense, past participle - dubbed; verb
1) (to give (a film) a new sound-track (eg in a different language).)

2) (to add sound effects or music to (a film etc).)

•

- dubbing
II past tense, past participle - dubbed; verb
(to nickname: He was dubbed Shorty because of his size.)

* * *
dub (1) /dʌb/
n.

(mus.) dub ( genere di musica reggae e tecnica di mixaggio)

● dub poetry, «dub poetry» (sottogenere del dub consistente nella sovrapposizione di poesie parlate su una base dub).
dub (2) /dʌb/
n.

(antiq. USA) gonzo; imbranato.
(to) dub (1) /dʌb/
v. t.

1 soprannominare, battezzare: She was dubbed the people's princess, era stata soprannominata la principessa del popolo; The press dubbed the scandal Climategate, la stampa ha battezzato lo scandalo il “Climategate”

2 (stor.) creare (q. ) cavaliere ( toccandogli la spalla con la spada)

3 ( nella pesca) preparare ( una mosca artificiale)

4 (ind.) ammorbidire ( il cuoio) strofinandolo con sego e olio

5 sgrossare ( legname)

6 (fam. sport USA) fallire: to dub a shot [a stroke], fallire un tiro [un colpo].
(to) dub (2) /dʌb/
v. t. (cinem., TV)

1 doppiare: a dubbed film, una pellicola doppiata; The film was dubbed into French, il film era doppiato in francese

2 riregistrare

3 sonorizzare ( una pellicola)

● (cinem.) to dub st. in, aggiungere qc. alla colonna sonora: The voices were dubbed in afterwards, le voci sono state aggiunte dopo alla colonna sonora □ (cinem.) to dub st. over, doppiare qc.: They dubbed over the original dialogue, hanno doppiato il dialogo originale □ (cinem.) to dub st. out, cancellare qc. dalla colonna sonora: Extraneous noises such as aircraft can be dubbed out, i rumori dall'esterno come gli aerei possono essere cancellati dalla colonna sonora.

* * *
I [dʌb]
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - bb-) (into foreign language) doppiare [ film] ( into in); (add soundtrack) postsincronizzare [ film]; missare [ sound effect] ( onto in)
II [dʌb]
verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - bb-) giorn. (nickname) soprannominare [ person]

English-Italian dictionary > dub
5 dubbing

['dʌbɪŋ]
nome

1) (into foreign language) doppiaggio m.

2) (adding soundtrack) postsincronizzazione f.; (sound mixing) missaggio m.

* * *

noun doppiaggio

* * *
dubbing (1) /ˈdʌbɪŋ/
n.

1 [u] conferimento ( d'un titolo, ecc.); il soprannominare, ecc. (► to dub (1))

2 (= dubbin) patina (per ammorbidire il cuoio).
dubbing (2) /ˈdʌbɪŋ/
n. (cinem., TV)

1 doppiaggio

2 riregistrazione

● dubbing-in, sonorizzazione ( di una pellicola).

* * *
['dʌbɪŋ]
nome

1) (into foreign language) doppiaggio m.

2) (adding soundtrack) postsincronizzazione f.; (sound mixing) missaggio m.

English-Italian dictionary > dubbing
6 dub

dub [dʌb]

transitive verb

a. ( = nickname) surnommer

• she was dubbed "the Iron Lady" elle était surnommée « la dame de fer »

b. [+ film] doubler

* * *
[dʌb]
transitive verb (p prés etc - bb-) ( into foreign language) doubler ( into en); ( add soundtrack) postsynchroniser [film]; mixer [sound effect] ( onto à)

English-French dictionary > dub
7 dub

dub

A vtr ( p prés etc - bb-)

1 ( into foreign language) doubler [film] (into en) ; ( add soundtrack) postsynchroniser [film] ; mixer [sound effect] (onto à) ;

2 Journ ( nickname) surnommer [person] ; ( describe as) [person, affair] qualifier de ;

3 ( knight) to dub sb (a) knight adouber qn.

B dubbed pp adj [film] doublé.

Big English-French dictionary > dub
8 dubbing

dubbing [ˈdʌbɪŋ]

noun

doublage m

* * *
['dʌbɪŋ]
noun ( into foreign language) doublage m; ( adding soundtrack) postsynchronisation f; ( sound mixing) mixage m

English-French dictionary > dubbing
9 dubbing

dubbing n

1 ( into foreign language) doublage m ;

2 ( adding soundtrack) postsynchronisation f ; ( sound mixing) mixage m.

Big English-French dictionary > dubbing
10 traducción

f.

1 translation, rendering, interpretation, translated version.

2 translation, translating, interpretation.

* * *

traducción

► nombre femenino

1 translation

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

traducción automática INFORMÁTICA machine translation

traducción directa translation from a foreign language

traducción inversa translation into a foreign language, prose translation

traducción simultánea simultaneous translation

* * *

noun f.

translation

* * *

SF translation (a into) (de from)

traducción asistida por ordenador — computer-assisted translation

traducción automática, traducción automatizada — automatic translation, machine translation

traducción directa — translation into one's own language

traducción simultánea — simultaneous translation

* * *

femenino translation

traducción del inglés al español — translation from English into Spanish

- traducción directa

- traducción inversa

- traducción simultánea

* * *

= translation, translation, rendering.

Ex. Work continues on translations, and these will contribute to AACR's role as a truly international code.

Ex. Translation is the process of converting the terms used by the indexer in his subject analysis of a document into the words, or code numbers, of a controlled language o indexing language.

Ex. It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

----

* sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.

* traducción asistida por ordenador = computer-aided translation (CAT), computer-assisted translation (CAT).

* traducción automatizada = machine translation.

* traducción de encabezamientos a través de notaciones bibliográficas = information switching.

* * *

femenino translation

traducción del inglés al español — translation from English into Spanish

- traducción directa

- traducción inversa

- traducción simultánea

* * *

= translation, translation, rendering.

Ex: Work continues on translations, and these will contribute to AACR's role as a truly international code.

Ex: Translation is the process of converting the terms used by the indexer in his subject analysis of a document into the words, or code numbers, of a controlled language o indexing language.

Ex: It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

* sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.

* traducción asistida por ordenador = computer-aided translation (CAT), computer-assisted translation (CAT).

* traducción automatizada = machine translation.

* traducción de encabezamientos a través de notaciones bibliográficas = information switching.

* * *

traducción

feminine

A

1 (acción) translation

la traducción del artículo me llevó un día it took me a day to translate the article

traducción del inglés al español translation from English into Spanish

2 (versión) translation

¿lo leíste en el original o en traducción? did you read it in the original or in translation?

Compuestos:

● traducción asistida por computadora or ( Esp) ordenador

computer-assisted translation, CAT

● traducción automática or automatizada

machine translation, automatic translation

● traducción directa

translation into one's native language

● traducción inversa

translation into a foreign language

ejercicio de traducción inversa prose, prose translation

● traducción mecánica

machine translation

● traducción simultánea

simultaneous translation

B ( Inf) translation

* * *

traducción sustantivo femenino
translation;
◊ traducción del inglés al español translation from English into Spanish

traducción sustantivo femenino translation
traducción libre, free translation

' traducción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
baja
- bajo
- bordada
- bordado
- dato
- despertarse
- estar
- irse
- ladrón
- ladrona
- llevar
- sentar
- soler
- te
- tela
- toda
- todo
- traslación
- tutearse
- versión
- aproximado
- fiel
- interpretación
- libre
- revisar
- textual
English:
accurate
- close
- do
- fuck
- loose
- prose
- rendering
- to
- translation

* * *

traducción nf

translation

Comp
traducción asistida por Esp ordenador oAm computadora computer-aided translation;
traducción automática machine translation;

traducción directa translation into one's own language;

traducción inversa translation out of one's own language;

traducción simultánea simultaneous translation

* * *

traducción

f translation;

traducción simultánea simultaneous translation

* * *

traducción nf, pl - ciones : translation

* * *

traducción n translation

Spanish-English dictionary > traducción
11 thème

thème [tεm]

masculine noun

   a. ( = sujet) theme

• ce livre propose plusieurs thèmes de réflexion this book raises several issues

   b. ( = traduction) translation (into a foreign language)

   c. thème astral birth chart

* * *
tɛm
nom masculin

1) (de débat, d'émission) topic, subject; (de discours, film) theme

thème de réflexion — topic for thought

2) ( traduction) prose

3) Musique theme

4) Linguistique ( radical) stem; ( topique) theme

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- thème astral

* * *
tɛm nm
1) (= sujet) theme

Quel est le thème de l'émission? — What's the programme about?

2) ÉDUCATION (= traduction) prose (composition)

* * *

thème nm

1 ( sujet) (de débat, d'émission) topic, subject; (de discours, film) theme; thème de réflexion topic for thought; le débat aura pour thème principal… the main topic for discussion will be…;

2 ( traduction) prose, translation (into the foreign language); faire un thème latin to do a Latin prose;

3 Mus theme;

4 Ling ( radical) stem; ( topique) theme.

Composé

thème astral Astrol birth chart.

[tɛm] nom masculin

1. ART & LITTÉRATURE & MUSIQUE theme

sur le thème de on the theme of

2. [traduction] translation into a foreign language

ÉDUCATION prose

thème latin/allemand translation (from one's language) into Latin/German

faire du thème to translate into a foreign language

3. LINGUISTIQUE stem, theme

thème astral nom masculin

ASTROLOGIE birth chart

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > thème
12 lengua

f.

1 tongue.

tener la lengua muy larga (informal) to be a gossip

tirar a alguien de la lengua (informal figurative) to draw somebody out

lengua de gato chocolate finger (biscuit) (de chocolate) (peninsular Spanish)

lengua de víbora o viperina (figurative) malicious tongue

lengua de tierra tongue of land

las malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…

irse de la lengua (informal) to let the cat out of the bag

ir/llegar con la lengua fuera (informal) to go along/arrive puffing and panting

morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue

se le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words

2 language (idioma, lenguaje).

lengua materna mother tongue

lengua muerta dead language

* * *

lengua

► nombre femenino

1 ANATOMÍA tongue

2 (idioma) language

3 (de tierra) strip

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

con la lengua fuera familiar with one's tongue hanging out

darle a la lengua familiar to chat

dicen las malas lenguas que... gossip has it that...

hacerse lenguas de algo to rave about something

irse de la lengua familiar to let the cat out of the bag

no tener pelos en la lengua figurado not to mince one's words

tener algo en la punta de la lengua figurado to have something on the tip of one's tongue

tener la lengua muy larga familiar to have a loose tongue

tener una lengua viperina to have a vicious tongue

tirar de la lengua a alguien familiar to pump somebody for information

trabarse la lengua to get tongue-tied

lengua de gato langue de chat

lengua d'oc langue d'oc

lengua d'oíl langue d'oïl

lengua de trapo babbling

lengua madre parent language

lengua materna mother tongue

* * *

noun f.

1) tongue

2) language

* * *

SF

1) (Anat) tongue

me he mordido la lengua — I've bitten my tongue

• beber con la lengua — to lap up

• mala lengua — gossip

según las malas lenguas... — according to gossip...

• sacar la lengua, abra la boca y saque la lengua — open your mouth and put o stick your tongue out

no le saques la lengua a tu hermana — don't stick your tongue out at your sister

- andar en lenguas

- atar la lengua a algn

- buscar la lengua a algn

- ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato?

- darle a la lengua

- darse la lengua

- hacerse lenguas de algn/algo

- irse de la lengua

- llegar con la lengua fuera

- morderse la lengua

- nacer con la lengua fuera

- no morderse la lengua

- no tener pelos en la lengua

- tener algo en la punta de la lengua

- soltar la lengua

- tener mucha lengua

- tirar de la lengua a algn

lengua de trapo — baby talk

lengua larga LAm —

lengua viperina — sharp tongue, vicious tongue
largo 1., 1), trabar 3.
2) [de campana] tongue, clapper

3) (Geog)

lengua de tierra — spit of land, tongue of land

4) (Ling) language, tongue; Esp (Escol) Spanish language ( as a school subject)

hablar en lengua — And to speak Quichua

lengua de destino — target language

lengua de origen — source language

lengua de trabajo — working language

lengua franca — lingua franca

lengua madre — parent language

lengua materna — mother tongue

lengua minoritaria — minority language

lengua moderna — modern language

lengua muerta — dead language

lengua oficial — official language

lengua viva — living language
LENGUAS COOFICIALES Under the Spanish constitution catalán, euskera and gallego are lenguas oficiales and enjoy the same status as castellano in the autonomous regions in which they are spoken. These languages are also known as lenguas cooficiales to show they enjoy equal status with Spanish. The regional governments actively promote their use through the media and the education system.
See:

ver nota culturelle CATALÁN in catalán,

ver nota culturelle EUSKERA in euskera,

ver nota culturelle GALLEGO in gallego

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Anat) tongue

se me traba la lengua — I get tongue-tied

con la lengua fuera — (fam)

llegamos con la lengua fuera — we were dead beat when we arrived (colloq)

darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter

desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk

irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)

no debía haberlo dicho pero se me fue la lengua — I shouldn't have said it but it just slipped out

no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I

morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue

soltar la lengua — to spill the beans

soltarle la lengua a alguien — to make somebody talk

¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)

tener una lengua viperina — to have a sharp tongue

tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me

b) (Coc) tongue

c) ( de tierra) spit, tongue; ( de fuego) tongue

2) (Ling) language

lengua de trapo — baby talk

•

- lengua madre or materna

- lengua muerta/viva
•• Cultural note:
lenguas cooficiales

The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature

* * *

= language, tongue.

Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.

Ex. Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.

----

* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).

* darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.

* decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.

* de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.

* dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.

* dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.

* en diversas lenguas = multilingually.

* en dos lenguas = bilingually.

* enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.

* enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.

* entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.

* en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.

* hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.

* hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.

* hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* humedecer con la lengua = lick.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* lengua autóctona = indigenous language.

* lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.

* lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.

* lengua de intercambio = exchange language.

* lengua escrita = written language.

* lengua extinta = extinct language.

* lengua extranjera = foreign language.

* lengua flexionada = inflected language.

* lengua franca = lingua franca.

* lengua hablada = spoken language.

* lengua indígena = indigenous language.

* lengua inglesa = English language.

* lengua mandarina = Mandarin.

* lengua materna = mother tongue.

* lengua minoritaria = minority language.

* lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.

* lengua nacional = national language.

* lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.

* lengua negra = hairy tongue.

* lengua oficial común = working language.

* lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.

* lengua peluda = hairy tongue.

* lengua romance = romance language.

* lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.

* lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.

* mojar con la lengua = lick.

* morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.

* no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.

* no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.

* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.

* persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.

* piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.

* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).

* sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.

* soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.

* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.

* TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Anat) tongue

se me traba la lengua — I get tongue-tied

con la lengua fuera — (fam)

llegamos con la lengua fuera — we were dead beat when we arrived (colloq)

darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter

desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk

irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)

no debía haberlo dicho pero se me fue la lengua — I shouldn't have said it but it just slipped out

no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I

morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue

soltar la lengua — to spill the beans

soltarle la lengua a alguien — to make somebody talk

¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)

tener una lengua viperina — to have a sharp tongue

tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me

b) (Coc) tongue

c) ( de tierra) spit, tongue; ( de fuego) tongue

2) (Ling) language

lengua de trapo — baby talk

•

- lengua madre or materna

- lengua muerta/viva
•• Cultural note:
lenguas cooficiales

The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature

* * *

= language, tongue.

Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.

Ex: Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.

* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).

* darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.

* decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.

* de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.

* dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.

* dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.

* en diversas lenguas = multilingually.

* en dos lenguas = bilingually.

* enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.

* enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.

* entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.

* en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.

* hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.

* hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.

* hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.

* humedecer con la lengua = lick.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* lengua autóctona = indigenous language.

* lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.

* lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.

* lengua de intercambio = exchange language.

* lengua escrita = written language.

* lengua extinta = extinct language.

* lengua extranjera = foreign language.

* lengua flexionada = inflected language.

* lengua franca = lingua franca.

* lengua hablada = spoken language.

* lengua indígena = indigenous language.

* lengua inglesa = English language.

* lengua mandarina = Mandarin.

* lengua materna = mother tongue.

* lengua minoritaria = minority language.

* lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.

* lengua nacional = national language.

* lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.

* lengua negra = hairy tongue.

* lengua oficial común = working language.

* lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.

* lengua peluda = hairy tongue.

* lengua romance = romance language.

* lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.

* lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.

* mojar con la lengua = lick.

* morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.

* no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.

* no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.

* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.

* persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.

* piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.

* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).

* sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.

* soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.

* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.

* TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).

* * *

lengua

feminine

lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1)

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Anat) tongue

saca la lengua put out your tongue

me sacó la lengua he stuck his tongue out at me

se me traba la lengua I get tongue-tied

tengo la lengua pastosa or estropajosa I have a cotton mouth ( AmE colloq), I've got a furry tongue ( BrE colloq)

andar en lenguas ( fam); to be the subject of gossip

con la lengua fuera ( fam): llegamos a casa con la lengua fuera by the time we got home our tongues were hanging out ( colloq)

darle a algn hasta por debajo de la lengua ( Méx fam); to thrash sb ( colloq)

darle a la lengua ( fam); to chatter, gab ( colloq)

hacerse lenguas de algn/algo ( fam); to rave about sb/sth ( colloq)

todos se hacen lenguas de su belleza everyone raves about how beautiful she is

irse de la lenguaor írsele la lengua a algn ( fam): no debía haber dicho eso pero se me fue la lengua I shouldn't have said that but it just slipped out

quiero que sea una sorpresa así que no te vayas a ir de la lengua I want it to be a secret so don't go and let the cat out of the bag ( colloq)

morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue

soltar la lengua to spill the beans

soltarle la lengua a algn to make sb talk

¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? o ( Esp) ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato? ( fam hum); has the cat got your tongue? ( colloq), have you lost your tongue? ( colloq)

tener una lengua viperina or de víbora to have a sharp tongue

tirarle or ( AmL) jalarle (de) la lengua a algn: hay que tirarle de la lengua para que te cuente nada you have to drag everything out of him o you have to pump him, otherwise he doesn't tell you anything

sé mucho sobre tus negocios sucios así que no me tires de la lengua I know a lot about your shady deals, so don't provoke me …

2 ( Coc) tongue

3 (de tierra) spit, tongue

4 (de fuego) tongue

Compuesto:

lengua de gato

langue de chat

B ( Ling) language

la lengua y el habla langue and parole

lengua de trapo baby talk

medio¹ (↑ medio (1))

Compuestos:

● lengua de destino

target language

● lengua de oc/d'oil

langue d'oc/d'oïl

● lengua de origen

source language

● lengua madre or materna

mother tongue

● lengua meta

target language, object language

● lengua muerta

dead language

● lengua objeto

target language, object language

● lengua viva

living language

* * *

lengua sustantivo femenino
1
a) (Anat) tongue;

◊ se me traba la lengua I get tongue-tied (colloq);

irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a algn (fam): no debía haberlo dicho pero se me fue la lengua I shouldn't have said it but it just slipped out;
no te vayas a ir de la lengua make sure you don't tell anybody;
See Also→ malo2
b) (Coc) tongue

c) ( de tierra) spit, tongue;

( de fuego) tongue
2 (Ling) language;
◊ lengua materna mother tongue

lengua sustantivo femenino
1 Anat tongue
figurado tener la lengua afilada, to have a sharp tongue
lengua viperina, poisonous tongue
mala lengua, gossip: dicen las malas lenguas que se casó con ella por interés, rumour has it that he married her for selfish reasons
2 Ling language
lengua materna, native o mother tongue
lengua muerta, dead language
segunda lengua, second language
3 (franja estrecha) spit, tongue: una lengua de mar se adentra en la costa, a spit of land cuts into the coast
4 (badajo) clapper
♦ Locuciones: con la lengua fuera: terminamos el examen con la lengua fuera, by the end of the exam we were exhausted
fam fig irse de la lengua, to spill the beans
morderse uno la lengua, to bite one's tongue: tuve que morderme la lengua para no decir lo que pensaba, I had to bite my tongue to stop myself from blurting it out
familiar tener la lengua muy larga, to be a bigmouth: tu hermana tiene la lengua muy larga, your sister is a bigmouth
fam fig tirarle a alguien de la lengua, to try to drag sthg out of sb
' lengua' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
academia
- achicharrarse
- autóctona
- autóctono
- bífida
- bífido
- chascar
- chasquear
- chasquido
- contaminar
- ELE
- habla
- hablar
- materna
- materno
- pastosa
- pastoso
- pelo
- punta
- sacar
- sarro
- trabarse
- vernácula
- vernáculo
- viperina
- viperino
- afilado
- clásico
- conocer
- corromper
- corrupción
- enriquecer
- manejo
- nativo
- quemar
- románico
- sucio
- trabar
- transmitir
- vivo
English:
bite
- bite back
- click
- draw out
- first language
- fur
- guttural
- language
- mince
- mother tongue
- origin
- put out
- Romanic
- second language
- specially
- stick out
- thrust out
- tip
- tongue
- venomous
- assistant
- hang
- lick
- mother
- out
- sharp
- stumble
- TEFL
- tut
- vernacular

* * *

lengua nf

1. [órgano] tongue;

sacarle la lengua a alguien to stick one's tongue out at sb;

se le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words;
también Fig
morderse la lengua to bite one's tongue;

Comp
Fam
darle a la lengua to chatter;

Comp
Fam
irse de la lengua, RP [m5] aflojar o [m5] soltar la lengua to let the cat out of the bag;

Comp
Fam
ir/llegar con la lengua fuera to go along/arrive puffing and panting;

Comp
Fam
ser largo de lengua, tener la lengua muy larga to be a gossip;

las malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…;

Comp

lo tengo en la punta de la lengua I've got it on the tip of my tongue;

Comp
Fam
¿(se) te ha comido la lengua el gato?, Am [m5]¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? has the cat got your tongue?;

Comp
Fam
tirar a alguien de la lengua to draw sb out

Comp
lengua de buey [planta] bugloss;
lengua de ciervo [planta] hart's-tongue fern;

lengua de fuego tongue of flame;
Esp lengua de gato [de chocolate] langue de chat; Fig lengua de víbora malicious tongue; Fig lengua viperina malicious tongue
2. [de tierra] tongue

Comp
Geol lengua glaciar glacier tongue
3. [idioma, lenguaje] language

Comp
lengua culta educated speech;
lengua de destino target language;

lengua escrita written language;

lengua estándar standard language;

lengua franca lingua franca;

lengua fuente source language;

lengua hablada spoken language;

lengua de llegada target language;

lengua materna mother tongue;

mi lengua materna no es el español I'm not a native speaker of Spanish;

lengua meta target language;

lenguas modernas modern languages;

lengua muerta dead language;

lengua normativa standard language;

lengua de oc langue d'oc;

lengua de oíl langue d'oïl;

lengua original original o source language;

lengua romance Romance language;

lengua románica Romance language;

lengua viva living language;

lengua vulgar vulgar o coarse language

4. Esp [asignatura] Spanish (language)

* * *

lengua

f tongue;

darle a la lengua fam chatter;

lengua afilada o

de doble filo sharp tongue;

tirar a alguien de la lengua get information out of s.o.;

con la lengua fuera fig with one’s tongue hanging out;

irse de la lengua let the cat out of the bag;

morderse la lengua fig bite one’s tongue;

sacar la lengua a alguien stick one’s tongue out at s.o.;

lo tengo en la punta de la lengua it’s on the tip of my tongue

* * *

lengua nf

1) : tongue

morderse la lengua: to bite one's tongue

2) idioma: language

lengua materna: mother tongue, native language

lengua muerta: dead language

* * *

lengua n

1. (del cuerpo) tongue

me sacó la lengua she stuck her tongue out at me

2. (idioma) language

el inglés es una lengua extranjera English is a foreign language

irse de la lengua to let the cat out of the bag [pt. & pp. let]

tener la lengua muy larga to talk too much

lengua materna native language / mother tongue

Spanish-English dictionary > lengua
13 English

1. adjective
englisch

he/she is English — er ist Engländer/sie ist Engländerin
2. noun
1) (language) Englisch, das

say something in English — etwas auf englisch sagen

speak English — Englisch sprechen

be speaking English — englisch sprechen

I [can] speak/read English — ich spreche Englisch/kann Englisch lesen

I cannot or do not speak/read English — ich spreche kein Englisch/kann Englisch nicht lesen

translate into/from [the] English — ins Englische/aus dem Englischen übersetzen

write something in English — etwas [auf od. in] englisch schreiben

her English is very good — sie schreibt/spricht ein sehr gutes Englisch

the King's/Queen's English — die englische Hochsprache

Old English — Altenglisch, das

in plain English — in einfachen Worten

2) pl. the English: die Engländer. See also academic.ru/55405/pidgin_English">pidgin English

* * *
['iŋɡliʃ] 1. adjective
(of England or its inhabitants: three English people; the English language.) englisch
2. noun
(the main language of England and the rest of Britain, North America, a great part of the British Commonwealth and some other countries: He speaks English.) das Englisch

- Englishman

* * *

Eng·lish¹

[ˈɪŋglɪʃ]

I. n

1. no pl (language) Englisch nt

do you speak \English? sprechen Sie Englisch?

the King's/Queen's \English die englische Hochsprache

2. (people)

▪ the \English pl die Engländer pl

II. adj englisch

\English department UNIV Anglistisches Institut, Institut nt für Anglistik, Englisches Seminar SCHWEIZ

Eng·lish²

[AM ˈɪŋglɪʃ]

n AM SPORT Effet m o BRD, ÖSTERR nt selten

to put some \English on the ball der Kugel einen leichten Effet geben

* * *
['Iŋglɪʃ]
1. adj
englisch
he is English — er ist Engländer

he's an English teacher (teaching English) — er ist Englischlehrer; (English by nationality) er ist ein englischer Lehrer

English translator — englischer Übersetzer, englische Übersetzerin; (foreign) Übersetzer(in) m(f) für Englisch

(full) English breakfast — englisches Frühstück

2. n

1)

the English pl — die Engländer pl

2) (LING) Englisch nt; (= the English language in general, English grammar) Englisch nt, das Englische; (as university subject) Anglistik f

can you speak English? — können Sie Englisch?

he doesn't speak English — er spricht kein Englisch

"English spoken" — "hier wird Englisch gesprochen"

they were speaking English — sie unterhielten sich auf Englisch

he speaks very good English — er spricht ein sehr gutes Englisch

in English — auf or in (inf) Englisch

in good/modern-day English — in gutem/modernem Englisch

to translate sth into/from English — etw ins Englische/aus dem Englischen übersetzen

that's not English — das ist verkehrt, das ist falsches Englisch

English/teaching English as a foreign language ( abbr EFL/TEFL ) — Englisch als Fremdsprache

the King's/Queen's English — die englische Hochsprache

See:

→ Old English, plain

* * *

English [ˈıŋɡlıʃ]

A adj englisch:

English breakfast;

she’s English sie ist Engländerin

B s

1. the English koll die Engländer pl

2. LING Englisch n, das Englische:

in English

a) auf Englisch,

b) im Englischen;

into English ins Englische;

from (the) English aus dem Englischen;

in plain English

a) unverblümt,

b) auf gut Deutsch umg

3. TYPO

a) HIST Mittel f ( Schriftgrad; 14 Punkt)

b) eine gotische Schrift

C v/t

1. obs ins Englische übersetzen

2. obs ein Wort etc anglisieren

E. abk

1. Earl

2. Earth

3. east (eastern)

4. English

* * *
1. adjective
englisch

he/she is English — er ist Engländer/sie ist Engländerin
2. noun
1) (language) Englisch, das

say something in English — etwas auf englisch sagen

speak English — Englisch sprechen

be speaking English — englisch sprechen

I [can] speak/read English — ich spreche Englisch/kann Englisch lesen

I cannot or do not speak/read English — ich spreche kein Englisch/kann Englisch nicht lesen

translate into/from [the] English — ins Englische/aus dem Englischen übersetzen

write something in English — etwas [auf od. in] englisch schreiben

her English is very good — sie schreibt/spricht ein sehr gutes Englisch

the King's/Queen's English — die englische Hochsprache

Old English — Altenglisch, das

in plain English — in einfachen Worten

2) pl. the English: die Engländer. See also pidgin English

* * *

adj.

englisch adj. n.

Englisch n.

English-german dictionary > English
14 traducción inversa

f.

prose composition.

* * *

traducción inversa

translation into a foreign language, prose translation

* * *

translation into a foreign language

* * *

translation into a foreign language

Spanish-English dictionary > traducción inversa
15 version

version [vεʀsjɔ̃]

feminine noun

   a. ( = traduction) translation (into the mother tongue)

   b. ( = variante) [de texte, œuvre] version

• film en version originale film in the original version

• donner sa version des faits to give one's version of the facts

   c. ( = modèle) model

• version 4 portes ( = voiture) 4-door model

* * *
vɛʀsjɔ̃
nom féminin

1) ( traduction) translation ( into one's own language)

2) ( interprétation) version

la version officielle — the official version

3) Cinéma, Littérature, Musique version

en version espagnole — in the Spanish version

4) Industrie, Commerce ( modèle) model, version

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- version doublée

- version originale

* * *
vɛʀsjɔ̃ nf
1) (= interprétation) version

2) (= traduction) translation (into the mother tongue)

* * *

version nf

1 ( traduction) translation (into one's own language); une version latine a latin translation; une épreuve de version a translation test;

2 ( interprétation) version; j'ai entendu une toute autre version de l'incident I heard a completely different version of the incident; la version officielle the official version;

3 Cin, Littérat, Mus version; une nouvelle version du quatuor a new version of the quartet; la version de 1948 the 1948 version; en version espagnole in the Spanish version; la version américaine d'un film français the American version of a French film; version intégrale/abrégée complete/abridged version;

4 Ind, Comm ( modèle) model, version; la version GTI de cette voiture the GTI model of this car.

Composés

version doublée Cin dubbed version; version longue Cin full-length version; version originale, vo Cin original version; en version originale (sous-titrée) in the original language (with subtitles).

[vɛrsjɔ̃] nom féminin

1. ÉDUCATION & UNIVERSITÉ translation (from a foreign language into one's mother tongue)

version anglaise [pour un Français] translation from English into French

version latine translation from Latin

2. [variante - d'une œuvre] version ; [ - d'une automobile] model, version ; [ - d'un logiciel] version

en version originale in the original language

en version originale sous-titrée with subtitles

en version française dubbed in French

3. [interprétation] version

voici ma version des faits this is my version of the facts, this is how I see what happened

c'est la version officielle des faits that's the official version of what happened

4. MÉDECINE version, turning

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > version
16 заверение переводчика

перев. Certification by Translator
См. тж заверение, удостоверяющая надпись
1.Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents.

All documents that are in a language other than English must be submitted with a translation. The person translating the document must certify that the translation is complete and accurate and that he/she is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.

The certification format should include the certifier's name, signature, address, and date of certification. A suggested format is:
Certification by Translator

I, [ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref], certify that I am fluent (conversant) in the English and Russian languages, and that the above/attached document is an accurate translation of the document attached entitled _____.
Signature _____________
[ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref]

Date

Address
ПРИМЕРЫ:
Certification by Translator

I, Igor Mostitsky, certify that I am fluent and conversant in the English, Belarusian and Russian languages and that the above is an accurate translation of the attached document.
Ref. No. 0001
Igor Mostitsky
Baranovichi, Belarus
02 July 2008
E-mail: mostitsky\@mail.ru; tel. +375 (29) 228840

2.Образец заверения рус. амер. переводчика:
I, Marina Komar, Russian/English interpreter, certify under the penalty of perjury that I have faithfully and accurately translated the above document from Russian into English to the best of my abilities.
3. Заверение перевода, сделанного в Нью-Йорке:
I, Zema Alieva, translator/interpreter, being fluent in both English and Russian languages, do hereby affirm that the above is, to the best of my knowledge, ability and belief, a true and correct translation of the document, submitted to me in the English language.
Translator's signature _____

Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > заверение переводчика
17 заверительная надпись переводчика

перев. Certification by Translator
См. тж заверение, удостоверяющая надпись
1.Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents.

All documents that are in a language other than English must be submitted with a translation. The person translating the document must certify that the translation is complete and accurate and that he/she is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.

The certification format should include the certifier's name, signature, address, and date of certification. A suggested format is:
Certification by Translator

I, [ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref], certify that I am fluent (conversant) in the English and Russian languages, and that the above/attached document is an accurate translation of the document attached entitled _____.
Signature _____________
[ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref]

Date

Address
ПРИМЕРЫ:
Certification by Translator

I, Igor Mostitsky, certify that I am fluent and conversant in the English, Belarusian and Russian languages and that the above is an accurate translation of the attached document.
Ref. No. 0001
Igor Mostitsky
Baranovichi, Belarus
02 July 2008
E-mail: mostitsky\@mail.ru; tel. +375 (29) 228840

2.Образец заверения рус. амер. переводчика:
I, Marina Komar, Russian/English interpreter, certify under the penalty of perjury that I have faithfully and accurately translated the above document from Russian into English to the best of my abilities.
3. Заверение перевода, сделанного в Нью-Йорке:
I, Zema Alieva, translator/interpreter, being fluent in both English and Russian languages, do hereby affirm that the above is, to the best of my knowledge, ability and belief, a true and correct translation of the document, submitted to me in the English language.
Translator's signature _____

Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > заверительная надпись переводчика
18 переводческое заверение

перев. Certification by Translator
См. тж заверение, удостоверяющая надпись
1.Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents.

All documents that are in a language other than English must be submitted with a translation. The person translating the document must certify that the translation is complete and accurate and that he/she is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.

The certification format should include the certifier's name, signature, address, and date of certification. A suggested format is:
Certification by Translator

I, [ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref], certify that I am fluent (conversant) in the English and Russian languages, and that the above/attached document is an accurate translation of the document attached entitled _____.
Signature _____________
[ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref]

Date

Address
ПРИМЕРЫ:
Certification by Translator

I, Igor Mostitsky, certify that I am fluent and conversant in the English, Belarusian and Russian languages and that the above is an accurate translation of the attached document.
Ref. No. 0001
Igor Mostitsky
Baranovichi, Belarus
02 July 2008
E-mail: mostitsky\@mail.ru; tel. +375 (29) 228840

2.Образец заверения рус. амер. переводчика:
I, Marina Komar, Russian/English interpreter, certify under the penalty of perjury that I have faithfully and accurately translated the above document from Russian into English to the best of my abilities.
3. Заверение перевода, сделанного в Нью-Йорке:
I, Zema Alieva, translator/interpreter, being fluent in both English and Russian languages, do hereby affirm that the above is, to the best of my knowledge, ability and belief, a true and correct translation of the document, submitted to me in the English language.
Translator's signature _____

Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > переводческое заверение
19 удостоверение переводчика

перев. Certification by Translator
См. тж заверение, удостоверяющая надпись
1.Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents.

All documents that are in a language other than English must be submitted with a translation. The person translating the document must certify that the translation is complete and accurate and that he/she is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.

The certification format should include the certifier's name, signature, address, and date of certification. A suggested format is:
Certification by Translator

I, [ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref], certify that I am fluent (conversant) in the English and Russian languages, and that the above/attached document is an accurate translation of the document attached entitled _____.
Signature _____________
[ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref]

Date

Address
ПРИМЕРЫ:
Certification by Translator

I, Igor Mostitsky, certify that I am fluent and conversant in the English, Belarusian and Russian languages and that the above is an accurate translation of the attached document.
Ref. No. 0001
Igor Mostitsky
Baranovichi, Belarus
02 July 2008
E-mail: mostitsky\@mail.ru; tel. +375 (29) 228840

2.Образец заверения рус. амер. переводчика:
I, Marina Komar, Russian/English interpreter, certify under the penalty of perjury that I have faithfully and accurately translated the above document from Russian into English to the best of my abilities.
3. Заверение перевода, сделанного в Нью-Йорке:
I, Zema Alieva, translator/interpreter, being fluent in both English and Russian languages, do hereby affirm that the above is, to the best of my knowledge, ability and belief, a true and correct translation of the document, submitted to me in the English language.
Translator's signature _____

Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > удостоверение переводчика
20 удостоверяющая надпись переводчика

перев. Certification by Translator
См. тж заверение, удостоверяющая надпись
1.Please submit certified translations for all foreign language documents.

All documents that are in a language other than English must be submitted with a translation. The person translating the document must certify that the translation is complete and accurate and that he/she is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.

The translator must certify that s/he is competent to translate and that the translation is accurate.

The certification format should include the certifier's name, signature, address, and date of certification. A suggested format is:
Certification by Translator

I, [ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref], certify that I am fluent (conversant) in the English and Russian languages, and that the above/attached document is an accurate translation of the document attached entitled _____.
Signature _____________
[ref dict="MOSTITSKY En-Ru"]Typed Name[/ref]

Date

Address
ПРИМЕРЫ:
Certification by Translator

I, Igor Mostitsky, certify that I am fluent and conversant in the English, Belarusian and Russian languages and that the above is an accurate translation of the attached document.
Ref. No. 0001
Igor Mostitsky
Baranovichi, Belarus
02 July 2008
E-mail: mostitsky\@mail.ru; tel. +375 (29) 228840

2.Образец заверения рус. амер. переводчика:
I, Marina Komar, Russian/English interpreter, certify under the penalty of perjury that I have faithfully and accurately translated the above document from Russian into English to the best of my abilities.
3. Заверение перевода, сделанного в Нью-Йорке:
I, Zema Alieva, translator/interpreter, being fluent in both English and Russian languages, do hereby affirm that the above is, to the best of my knowledge, ability and belief, a true and correct translation of the document, submitted to me in the English language.
Translator's signature _____

Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > удостоверяющая надпись переводчика

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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